Academic Writing

General What is logic and why do we need to study it? Statements What is a statement? How do statements differ from other things we can express with language? What are converses and contrapositives? Give examples. What is a counterexample? Give examples. Ambiguity What is ambiguity? How does it interfere with the task of determining what is true? How must one deal with ambiguous sentences to determine the truth-value of the statements they express? What are some examples of systematically ambiguous expressions? What makes them systematically ambiguous? Truth What is truth? How does it differ from belief and evidence? How does one determine whether something is true or false? Give examples. Arguments What is an argument? What is an argument form? What is a valid form? Give examples. What is an inductive form? Give examples. What is a fallacy? Give examples and explain why they are fallacious. Can you give an example of an argument that has a valid form and is not sound? If so, provide one; if not, explain why not. Can you give an example of an argument that is sound but does not have a valid form? If so, provide one; if not, explain why not.